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Fictional Rome Roman History - Overview MONARCHY: 753-510 BC753: Romulus (Remus), traditionally first king of Rome Etruscans expanding in Latium 5 other kings at Rome: Numa, Hostilius, Ancus Martius, L. Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius 510: Expulsion of last king, Tarquinius Superbus ROMAN REPUBLIC: 509-27 BC509-146: Roman Expansion in Italy & Mediterranean 509:
450: Twelve Tables, first Roman written law 396: Destruction of Veii, great Etruscan city 390: Battle of Allia; sack of Rome by Gauls 343-290: Rome battles Latins, Samnite neighbors, & Etruscans; expands in Central Italy 287: Secession of plebs; Lex Hortensia makes plebiscites binding 281-272: Pyrrhus (& Tarentum) vs Rome; Rome supreme in Italy 264-241: First Punic War; Carthage loses, cedes Sicily to Rome, Corsica & Sardinia follow c.254: T. Maccius Plautus, comic playwright, word-play & slapstick, born in Umbria 229-228: First Illyrian War 225-222: Gauls defeated 218-201: Second Punic War; Hannibal 217-216: Battles of Trebia, Trasimene Lake & Cannae, huge Roman losses 215: First Macedonian War 202: Battle of Zama; Scipio Africanus defeats Hannibal; Spain annexed 197: Battle of Cynocephalae; Roman legions beat Greek phalanx 192-189: War with Antiochus the Great; Rome looks further east c.190: P. Terentius (Terence) Afer, comedy of manners, born in N. Africa (?) 168-118: Polybius, Greek historian of Rome 146: Destruction of Corinth and Carthage in Third Punic War; Rome supreme in Mediterranean 136: Slave war in Sicily ROMAN REVOLUTION: 133-31 BC133: Pergamum willed to Rome; Tiberius Gracchus tribune (murdered), but land distributions proceed 129: Province of Asia organized 123-122: Gaius Gracchus tribune (murdered in 121) 111-105: War with Jugurtha drags on; Gaius Marius (a novus homo) wins in field after nobiles have dragged war on, but L. Cornelius Sulla (Felix) captures Jugurtha 107: Marius opens army to volunteers 106: M. Tullius Cicero born in Arpinum 105: Romans defeated by Cimbri & Teutones at Arausio 104-100: Marius, in successive consulships, defeats Teutones & Cimbri; slave war in Sicily 100: C. Julius Caesar born in Rome 94?: T. Lucretius Carus born 91: M. Livius Drusus tribune, presses for citizenship for allies, murdered 90-88: Social (Italian/Marsic) War; Italians granted citizenship 89-63: Three Wars with Mithridates of Pontus 88: Massacre of Italians in Asia 87-83: Civil War between Marius & Sulla (proscriptions by Marius in 87, by Sulla in 82 after death of Marius) 86: C. Sallustius Crispus, (Sallust) born at Amiternum 84: C. Valerius Catullus born at Verona 82-81: Dictatorship of Sulla;senatorial power restored,tribunes curbed 78: Death of Sulla 77-71: Cn. Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) fighting in Spain 74-66: L. Licinius Lucullus fighting in east 73-71: Revolt of Gladiators under Spartacus, ended by M. Licinius Crassus 70: Pompey & Crassus consuls, weaken senate; Cicero prosecutes Verres; P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) born near Mantua (province of Gaul) 67: Lex Gabinia: Pompey destroys pirates 66: Lex Manilia: Pompey succeeds Lucullus in east; finishes war with Mithridates in 65 65: Q. Horatius Flaccus (Horace), poet, born at Venusia (S. Italy) 64/59: T. Livius (Livy), historian, born in Padua 63: Cicero (& C. Antonius), as consul, crushes conspiracy of L. Sergius Catilina (Catiline); C. Octavius (Augustus) born 60: First Triumvirate C. Julius Caesar (consul 59), the broker Cn. Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great), troopsM. Licinius Crassus, money (publicani) 58-57: Cicero exiled; Livia (future wife of Augustus) born 58-56: Caesar pro-consul in Gaul 55: Triumvirate renewed for another 5 years; Pompey & Crassus consuls; Caesar invades Britain; death of Lucretius (?) 54: Death of Catullus (?); Albius Tibullus born 53: Crassus killed by Parthians at Carrhae 52-51: Caesar crushes revolt of Vercingetorix in Gaul 52: Pompey sole consul 50?: Sextus Propertius born at Assissi 49-46: Civil War between Caesar and Pompey/Senate/optimates (inc M. Porcius Cato, the Younger/Uticensis) 48: Battle of Pharsalus; Pompey flees,is killed at Alexandria on orders of Ptolemy/Pothinus 47-44: Dictatorship of Julius Caesar 44: Ides (15) of March; Caesar assassinated by Brutus, Cassius, etc 43: Second Triumvirate:Mark Antony (M. Antonius), Caesar's lieutenantC. Julius Caesar Octavianus, Caesar's heir M. Aemilius Lepidus, troopsproscriptions; death of Cicero Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid) born in Sulmo (90 mi. N of Rome) 42: Battle of Phillipi: Brutus & Cassius, defeated by Antony & Octavian, commit suicide 31: Battle of Actium: Antony & Cleopatra defeated by Octavian AUGUSTAN AGE: 27 BC-14 AD27: Octavian becomes Augustus 25: Pantheon built by Agrippa 23: Horace publishes 3 books of Odes 19: Death of Vergil 9 AD: Arminius (German) revolts, ambushes Varus & 9 legions in Teutoberg forest 14: Death of Augustus; step-son Tiberius succeeds ROMAN EMPIRE: 14-476 AD14-37: Reign of Tiberius 14-31: Sejanus, Praetorian Prefect 29: Livia (Augusta) dies 37-41: Reign of Caligula 39: M Annaeus Lucanus (Lucas), Silver Latin epic writer, born at Corduba 41-54: Reign of Claudius; conquest of much of Britain 54-68: Reign of Nero 60?: D. Junius Juvenalis (Juvenal), satirist, born at Aquinum; Boudicca revolt in Britain 61?: C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus (Pliny the Younger) born at Comum 62-68: Tigellinus, Praetorian Prefect 64: Great Fire in Rome; persecution of Christians 65: Conspiracy of Piso; Suicides of Seneca & Lucan 68-69: Year of the 4 Emperors: Galba, Otho, Vitellius & Vespasian 69-79: Reign of Vespasian 70: Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus 79: Eruption of Vesuvius buries Pompeii & Herculaneum; Pliny escapes 79-81: Reign of Titus (older son of Vespasian) 81-96: Reign of Domitian (younger son of Vespasian) 80: Colosseum finished 96-180: Reign of Five Good Emperors begins with Nerva (96-98) 98-117: Reign of Trajan; empire reaches greatest extent 104-107: Pliny the Younger governor in Bithynia-Pontus 117-138: Reign of Hadrian 128?: Death of Juvenal 138-161: Reign of Antoninus Pius 161-180: Reign of Marcus Aurelius 166: Plague throughout empire 167: Commodus made co-emperor 193-235: Dynasty of Severi: Septimius Severus, Caracalla & Geta, Elegabalus, Severus Alexander 285-305: Reign of Diocletian as absolute monarch; Christians persecuted 306-337: Reign of Constantine the Great 313: Edict of Milan makes Christianity equal with other religions 328: Capital moved from Rome to Constantinople 360-363: Reign of Julian the Apostate 378-395: Reign of Theodosius the Great, ending with division of empire 410: Sack of Rome by Visigoths & Alaric 434-53: Attilla, King of the Huns invades Italy in 452 455: Sack of Rome by Vandals & Gaiseric 476: Fall of Western Empire's last emperor, Romulus Augustulus 527-565: In East: Reign of Justinian (wife of Justinian, Theodora); Code of Justinian (Corpus Juris Civilis) Timeline: Ancient Rome (another useful Roman timeline source)
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